物联网英语复习笔记

发表于 更新于 分类于 阅读次数：

整理考试要考的知识点

lesson1

terms(术语)

  • computer network : 计算机网络
  • TCP/IP protocols : TCP/IP协议
  • IP address : IP地址
  • Wikipedia : 维基百科
  • unsolicited emails : 垃圾邮件
  • social media : 社交媒体

Abbreviations(缩写)

  • BBS : bulletin board system 电子公告板
  • DNS : Domain Name Servers 域名服务器
  • HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language 超文本标记语言
  • HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
  • ICP : Internet Content Provider 互联网内容提供商
  • ISP : Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商
  • MUD : Mutil-User Dungeon 多用户网络游戏
  • URL : Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符
  • WWW : World Wide Web 万维网

Sentences

  1. Here’s a brief history of the Internet, including important dates, people, projects, sites and other information that should give you at least a partial picture of what this thing we call the Internet really is, and where it came from.
    • 下面是互联网的简史，包括重要的日期、人物、、项目、网站以及其他一些信息。这些信息可以让你对现在称作互联网的东西到底是什么或者是从哪里来的有部分了解。
  2. While the complete history of the Internet could easily fill a few books, we should familiarize you with key milestones and events related to the growth and evolution of the Internet between 1969 to 2009.
    • 由于互联网完整的历史需要几本书来介绍,我们只是让你熟悉在 1969～2009 年期间互联网的里程碑和给互联网带来变革和进步的事件。
  3. Arpanet was the first real network to run on packet switching technology(new at the time). On the October 29,1969, computers at Stanford and UCLA connected for the first time. In effect, they were the first hosts on what would one day become the Internet.
    • Arpanet是第一个运行在分组交换技术（当时是新技术）上的真正的网络。1969年10月29日，斯坦福大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校的计算机首次连接起来。实际上，他们是有一天会成为互联网的第一批主机。
  4. 1977 was a big year for the development of the Internet as we know it today. It’s the year the first PC modem, developed by Dennis Hayes and Dale Heatherington, was introduced and initially sold to computer hobbyists.
    • 1977年是我们今天所知道的互联网发展的一年。这一年，由丹尼斯·海耶斯和戴尔·希瑟林顿开发的第一台PC调制解调器被引进并最初卖给电脑爱好者
  5. 1978 is also the year that brought the first unsolicited commercial email message(later known as spam), sent out to 600 California Arpanet users by Gary Thuerk.
    • 1978年也是加里·图尔克（Gary Thuerk）向600名加州Arpanet用户发送的第一封未经请求的商业电子邮件（后来称为垃圾邮件）。
  6. The domain name system was important in that it made addresses on the Internet more human-friendly compared to its numerical IP address counterparts.
    • 域名系统的重要性在于它使互联网上的地址比数字IP地址更人性化。
  7. The term “social media”, believed to be first used by Chris Sharpley, was coined in the same year that “Web 2.0” became a mainstream concept. Social media-sites and web applications that allow its users to create and share content and to connect with one another-started around this period.
    • “社交媒体”这个词被认为是由克里斯·夏普利首先使用的，是在“web2.0”成为主流概念的同一年被创造出来的。允许用户创建和共享内容并相互联系的社交媒体网站和网络应用程序就在这一时期开始了。
  8. Project Gutenberg, for those unfamiliar with the site, is a global effort to make books and documents in the public domain available electronically-for free- in variety of eBooks and electronic formats.（#1971）
    • 古腾堡计划，为那些不熟悉该网站的人，是一个全球性的努力，使书籍和文件在公共领域免费提供各种电子书和电子格式。
  9. The first widely downloaded Internet browser, Mosaic, was released in 1993. While Mosaic wasn’t the first web browser, it is considered the first browser to make the Internet easily accessible to non-techies.
    • 第一个被广泛下载的互联网浏览器Mosaic于1993年发布。虽然Mosaic不是第一个网络浏览器，但它被认为是第一个让非技术人员可以轻松访问互联网的浏览器。

lesson2

terms

  • electrical circuits : 电路
  • vacuum tubes : 真空管
  • integrated circuits : 集成电路
  • electron flows : 电子流
  • electronic and information technology : 电子信息技术

Abbreviations

  • IT : Information Technology 信息技术
  • SPICE : Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis 集成电路模拟程序

Sentences

  1. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system.
    • 诸如电路板，电子封装技术之类的互连技术以及其他各种形式的通信基础架构，可以完善电路功能并将混合后的组件转换为常规的工作系统。
  2. Electronics is distinct from Electrical and Electro-mechanical Science and Technology, which deals with the generation, distribution, switching, storage and conversion of electrical energy to and from other energy forms using wires, motors, generators, batteries, relays, transformers, resistors, and other passive components.
    • 电子学与电气和机电科学技术不同，后者涉及利用电线，电动机，发电机，电池，继电器，变压器，电阻器来产生，分配，转换，存储和转换电能与其他能源形式的电能， 和其他无源组件。
  3. Information Technology(IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies, such as television and telephones.
    • 信息技术（IT）是计算机和电信设备在企业或其他企业中经常用于存储，检索，传输和处理数据的应用程序。 该术语通常用作计算机和计算机网络的同义词，但它还涵盖其他信息分发技术，例如电视和电话。
  4. From academic aspect, IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users.
    • 从学术角度来看，IT专家负责选择适合组织的硬件和软件产品，将这些产品与组织需求和基础架构集成在一起，并为组织的计算机用户安装，自定义和维护这些应用程序。
  5. Electronic information technology has been in-depth in the daily lives of ordinary people and has brought great convenience to people’s lives. Electronic Information Technology will also be more and more popular in the future life.
    • 电子信息技术已经深入到普通百姓的日常生活中，给人们的生活带来了极大的便利。 电子信息技术在未来的生活中也将越来越受欢迎。

lesson3

terms

data center(centre) : 数据中心
cloud computing : 云计算
pervasive computing : 普适计算
ubiquitous computing : 泛在计算
business process : 业务流程

Abbreviations

  • IoM : Internet of Media 媒体网络
  • Ios : Internet of Services 服务网络
  • IoT : Internet of Things
  • SOA : Service Oriented Architecture 面向服务架构

Sentences

  1. In fact, in the IoT communications will take place not only between people but also between people and their environment.
    • 实际上，在物联网中，通信不仅会发生在人与人之间，而且还将发生在人与环境之间。
  2. Communication will be seen more among terminals and data centers(e.g. home data centers, Cloud computing, etc.) than among nodes as in current networks. Growth of storage capacity at lower and lower costs will result in the local availability of most information required by people or objects.
    • 终端和数据中心（例如家庭数据中心，云计算等）之间的通信将比当前网络中的节点之间的通信更多。 以越来越低的成本增长存储容量将导致人们或物体所需的大多数信息在本地可用。
  3. For example, algorithms could be used for intelligent decision-making based on real-time readings from sensors that are used to monitor the health of patients or the condition of vehicles, in order to detect the early signs of problems or deterioration of condition.
    • 例如，算法可用于基于来自传感器的实时读数进行智能决策，该传感器用于监控患者的健康状况或车辆状况，以便检测问题的早期迹象或状况恶化。

lesson4

terms

  • application layer : 应用层
  • network layer : 网络层
  • perception layer : 感知层
  • supply chain : 供给链
  • paradigm principle : 范式的原则

Abbreviations

  • ebXML ： electronic bussiness using Extensible Markup Language 电子商务全球化标准
  • SOAP ： Simple Object Access Protocol 简单对象访问协议
  • UBL ： Universal Business Language 通用商业语言

Sentences

  1. When architecting the Internet of Things, it is important to remember that many things will not have permanent network connectivity-indeed some things may have no intrinsic network connectivity, but rely on supporting intelligence in their local environment or in remote information systems.
    • 在设计物联网时，重要的是要记住，许多事物不会具有永久的网络连接性-实际上，某些事物可能没有固有的网络连接性，而是依赖于其本地环境或远程信息系统中的支持智能。
  2. The memory of the handheld device can also be used to temporarily record any updates, such as modifications to the parts, symptoms observed, missing safety equipment, etc., so that those updates can be synchronized to the network as soon as the hand-held device returns within range of network connectivity, such as WiFi or a docking station.
    • 手持设备的内存还可以用于临时记录任何更新，例如对零件的修改，观察到的症状，缺少安全设备等，以便一旦手持设备将这些更新同步到网络即可。 设备返回的网络连接范围内，例如WiFi或扩展坞。

lesson 5

terms

  • superconductivity technology : 超导技术
  • electrode potential : 电极电位
  • optical fiber sensor : 光纤传感器
  • capacitor : 电容器
  • amplitude : 振幅
  • frequency : 频率
  • single chip : 单片机
  • semiconductor craft : 半导体芯片
  • instrumentation industry : 仪器仪表行业
  • quantum : 量子
  • dielectric : 电介质
  • aeronautics : 航空学

Abbreviations

  • CPU : Central Processing Unit
  • EPROM : Erasable Programmale Rom 可擦除可编程ROM
  • IC : Integrated circuit 集成电路
  • VLSI : Very Large Scale Integration 超大规模集成电路
  • NASA : National aeronautic and space administration 美国国家航空航天局

Sentences

  1. With the rapid development of VLSI and having been developed, modern computer and communication technology, not only requests sensor precision, reliability, speed of response and quantity of information acquisition more and more high, but also request its lower cost and easy using.
    • 随着VLSI的快速发展和发展，现代计算机和通信技术不仅要求传感器的精度，可靠性，响应速度和信息获取量越来越高，而且要求其成本低廉，易于使用。
  2. Compared with traditional sensor, the optical fiber sensor has many characteristics, such as high sensitivity, small volume, anti-corrosion, excellent insulation, flexible light path, easy to tele-measuring etc. Japan has reached the top level in the field of optical fiber sensor, for example, Idec Izumi Corporation and Surx Corporation.
    • 与传统传感器相比，光纤传感器具有灵敏度高，体积小，防腐蚀，绝缘性好，光路灵活，易于远程测量等特点。日本在光学领域已达到最高水平 光纤传感器，例如Idec Izumi Corporation和Surx Corporation。

lesson 6

terms

  • packaging technology : 分组交换技术
  • active tag : 有源标签

Abbreviations

  • RFID : radio frequency identification devices 无线射频识别
  • LF : Low frequency 低频
  • HF : High frequency 高频
  • UHF : Ultra High frequency 超高频
  • ITU : International Telecommunication Union国际电信联盟

Sentences

  1. The RFID tag features small volume, great capacity, and long term of service life and repeatable use, and supports fast reading and writing, invisible recognition, mobile recognition, multi-target recognition, positioning and long-term tracking management. RFID technology can be used together with Internet and communication technologies and realize article tracking and information sharing within global scope.
    • RFID标签体积小，容量大，使用寿命长且可重复使用，并支持快速读写，隐形识别，移动识别，多目标识别，定位和长期跟踪管理。 RFID技术可以与Internet和通信技术一起使用，并在全球范围内实现商品跟踪和信息共享。
  2. In recent years, the RFID technology has been applied in many social areas, and produced significant influences on improving life quality of people, increasing economic benefits of enterprises, enhancing public security and raising the level of social informationization. According to forecasts, the RFID tag technology will be gradually used in large scale in the next two or three years.
    • 近年来，RFID技术已经在许多社会领域得到应用，并且对改善人们的生活质量，增加企业的经济效益，增强公共安全和提高社会信息化水平产生了重大影响。 根据预测，RFID标签技术将在未来两三年内逐步大规模使用。

lesson 7

terms

  • access point : 接入点或访问点
  • ad hoc : 无线对等网络或无线自组织网络
  • network topology : 网络拓扑
  • intrusion detection : 入侵检测
  • peer-to-peer : 点对点
  • power consumption : 能耗
  • solar panels : 太阳能板或太阳能电池板

Abbreviations

  • ACL : Access Control List 访问控制列表
  • CSMA-CA : 载波侦听多路复用/避免冲突
  • MSG : Message service type 报文
  • WLAN : wireless local area network 无线局域网络